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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet I.

S. H. SHORT.

ELECTRIC RAILWAY GAR.

No. 2,622. Patented May 19, 1 1.

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S. H. SHORT.

ELEGTRIG RAILWAY GAR.

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S. H. SHORT.

ELEGTRIG RAILWAY OAR.

Patented May 19,1891.

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S. H. SHORT. ELECTRIC RAILWAY OAR.

No. 452,622. Patented May 19, 1891.

UN ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

SIDNEY l-I. SHORT, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE SHORT ELECTRICRAILWAY COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-RAILWAY CAR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 452,622, dated May 19,1891.

Application filed December 17, 1890. Serial No. 375,007. (No model.) 7

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SIDNEY H. SHORT, of Cleveland, in the county ofCuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Electric -Railway Cars; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the .invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates more particularly to electric-railway cars whichare propelled by one or more motors having each its armature axiallyplaced with reference to a driving-axle and directly connectedtherewith; but each of the improvements constituting the invention isincluded for all the uses to which it may be adapted. By axially placedis to be understood that the axes of the armature and car-axle arecoincident, or nearly so. By directly connected is-to be understood thatthe armature imparts one revolution to the driving-axle for eachrotation of said armature.

In accordance with the present invention the axially-placed anddirectly-connected armature is mounted on journal-bearings, in which itturns in order to rotate the car-axle, and is combined withfield-magnets mounted on any suitable part or parts of the car. The saidmagnets may, for example, be hung by journal-bearings from the car-axlewith which the corresponding armature is directly connected and be heldfrom rotation by a connection with another part of the car, or they maybe mounted on the car-body or a frame under the said body, the framebeing supported by the ordinary journals of the car or otherwise. Inhanging the field magnets from the car-axle they may be hung directly orthrough the intermediary of a frame, and the connection for holding thefield-magnets from rotating may extend from the field magnets or fromthe frame to the other part of the car. Regarding the car-body itself asa frame adapted to support the motor, it is preferred to mount thefield-magnets and armature on a supporting-frame for one reason, becauseit enables a standard motor to be made, whichcan be readily applied todifferent cars notwithstanding difference in ing of special journals arethus avoided, and

of frames supported by the ordinary car-journals it is preferred to havethe frame upheld by the axle-boxes rather than the pedestals of the car,so that the frame and motor do not partake of the vertical movements ofthe oar-body.

The invention also extends to the mounting on springs or buffers of thepropellingmotor having its axially-placed and directly.

connected armature supported by journalbearings and to the insulation ofsaid motor from the wheel-base of the vehicle.

The foregoing features are included generally in the inventionirrespective of the precise form. of motor. The invention, however,covers special features in regard to this that is to say: first, thefield-magnets are arranged horizotally; second, the field-magnets areplaced above (or not materially below) the lowest part of the armature;third, the fieldmagnets are placed at the sides of the armature parallelwith the car-axle; fourth, the field-magnets at the sides of thearmature project from yokes perforated for the passage of the car-axle;fifth, multipolar field-magnets are employed,the armature being adaptedto use with a multipolar field, as by means of cross-connections at thecommutator; sixth, the field-magnets of the multipolar field are soarranged that the magnets ofthe two lowermost poles are equidistant fromthe lowest point of the armature, one in front and one in rear of thesame. In this position the fieldmagne'ts may project somewhat beyond theperiphery of the armature and still be above its lowest point. Althoughit is designed to use all these features in connection with one another,it is obvious that one or more of them maybe used without the others,and the invention extends to such use.

In the accompanyingdrawings, which form partof this specification,Figure I is a partial plan view, partly in horizontal section, of thetruck of an electric-railway car containing the present invention. Fig.II is a section on line 1 2 of Fig. I. Fig. III is a sectionillustrating a somewhat different arrangement. Fig. IV is a section in aplan corresponding to that of Fig. II, illustrating an additionalchange. Fig. V is a transverse section illustratingthe support of themotor from the carbody, and FigsVI and VII are each a partial planillustratiugother changes within the invention.

In Fig. I somewhat different mountings are shown for the two motors.This is done for the purpose of saving illustratiomas practically themotors on both axles would he made as nearly identical as possible,although of course they might be different, as shown.

In all the motors shown the armature A is composed of a soft-iron stripwound upon itself and provided with bobbins of insulated wire wrappedabout the annular core so made in notches in the edges thereof. Thebobbins are connected in closed series, and from the junction wires areled to the strips of a commutator D. The armature A in each motor isaxially placed with reference to the caraxle 0, being mounted fast onthe hollow armature-shaft A, which surrounds said axle and turns insuitable journal-bearings 2 in the bracket I. on the yoke F and in theyoke G, respectively. These yokes F and G make part of the motor-frame,which is shown as mounted on a motor-supporting frame, as will bedescribed below. The direct driving-connection is made by forks N on theshaft A engaging arms N, projecting from a collar 6 fast on the car-axleO. Spring-pads 4, of, say, soft vulcanized rubber, are interposedbetween the forks N and the armsN', the ends of the pads being protectedby metal caps 5.

The field-magnets E are in all the motors shown arranged symmetricallyin a horizontal position above (or not materially below) the lowestpoint of the armature at the sides of the armature parallel with thecar-axle. These are, as represented, eightin number to form a multipolarfield of four poles, each pole being constituted by two magnets in linewith each other on opposite sides of the armature. These field-magnetsare so arranged that the four lowermost magnets are equidistant from thelowest point of the armature, the magnets of one polarity being in frontand those of the othersign in the rear of said lowest point. The magnetsE project from yokes F G of the motor-frame, in which thearmature-shaftis journaled, as already stated. The yokes-are connectedby arms H K. To facilitate the application to the car-axle, the

the other car-axle.

yokes F G, with the bracket I. and arms II K, are dividedhorizontallythrough the journalbearings. In allthc figures the.field-magnets are upheld on opposite sides of the car-axle, and,further, springs or buffers are interposed, so as to give elastic oryielding support. Likewise insulating material isinterposed between themotor-frame and the wheel-base of the vehicle. By using spring-pads 4(of, say, soft vulcanized rubber) in the driving connection N N 4 and aninsulating mounting for the field-magnets or motor-frame the whole motormay be insulated from the ground, an air-space being left between thehollow armature-shaft A and the car-axle C.

In the motor at the right hand of 'Fig. I the yokes F G havesupporting-arms M cast on or formed integral with them and overlying theside bars U of the truck-frame, with springs or buffers interposed. Inthe motor at the left of Fig. I the supporting-arms It overlie the armsof a short frame P, in two parts, journaled on the car-axle between thecar-wheels, one part adjacent to each wheel. The journal-bearings areshown at 7. The springs or buffers which are interposed between the armsM or M of the motor-supporting frame U or P, and which are or may be ofsoft vulcanized rubber, are, as shown, (see T, Fig. II,) confinedbetween enlarged ends of said arms M or M and the heads \V, which haveforks 8 on the under side for fastening them in place by bolts. Bolts 9pass through the ends of arms M M and the underlying heads. (See sectionat left of Fig. II.) By making the springs or buffers T of rubber theyserve also as insulators. To complete the insulation, the bolts 9 haveinsulatingsleoves where they pass through the arms M and M. The shortframe I and the motor thereon are prevented from rotating with thecar-axle by means of a cross-bar Q, as indicated in Figs. I and II, orby a connection with another part of the car adapted to that purpose.The crossbar Q is connected at the ends with the side bars U, springs orbuffers T being shown on top and under the bottom of crossbar Q,interposed between said crossbar and heads \V, which are boltedtogether, and the lower of which are fastened to the side bars U. Thelower half of the arm H is provided with a pivot-pin 10, working in ahorizontal slot in the cross-bar Q. In Fig. III there is a connection Qfrom the arm II of the motor to the car-body, the said connection beingin the form of a rod jointed to the canbody and provided with a flange11 and nut 12, between which and the arm I-[ springs or buffers T areinterposed.

In Fig. IV a bar Q, is jointed to the arm and is or may be jointed atthe opposite end to a corresponding arm of a similar motor'on To saveroom the hub of the arms Nin themotorof thesefigures (and also of Fig.VII) is set inside of the enlarged end of the hollow shaft A, which maybe cut IIO away opposite the arm N, so as to allow of other movements tothe shaft A transversely on the car-axle.

I11 Fig. V the motor is mounted on the carbody Z, the motor-frame beingbolted to the bottom under the floor. The motor in this I figure wouldpartake of the motions up and down of the car-body on the maincar-springs Z. In this figure, therefore, the car-bodyconstitutes themotor-supportin g frame.

In Fig. VI the motor-frame has arms ll which overlie the cross-bars Q,whose ends are fastened to the side bars U. The connection of the arms Mwith the cross-bars Q is by means of bolts 9 and heads IV, with springsor buffers of, say, soft vulcanized rubber, interposed, and the boltsprovided with insulating-sleeves the same as described for theconnections of the arms M M and the side bars U or the short frame P ofFigs. I and II.

In Fig. VII there is a long frame P, which is hung by the brackets P"from the car-axle O, the brackets being journaled at 13 on the caraxleThe motoris shown as mounted on the frame P and bolted thereto by meansof feet l\' Pieces of soft vulcanized rubber to act as springs orbuffers and as insulators are or may be interposed,as indicated at T'",the bolts having insulating-sleeves, as described with reference to Fig.II.

The side bars U in Figs. I and VI are shown as upheld by thejournal-boxes U of the car, so that they do not partake of the motion ofthe car-body on the main car-springs. Side bars, which are connectedwith the four pedestals andwhich therefore partake of the motion of thecar-body on the main car-springs, may replace the side bars U, and theside bars U may or may not have springsor buffers interposed betweenthemselves and the j0urnalboxes, which is also a known arrangement ofside bars.

The commutator D- turns beneath the brushes R and S, placed ninetydegrees apart for the four-pole field shown. The current is applied andcut olf in any known or suitable way.

In all the figures it will be perceived that the armature is mounted onj ournal-bearings instead of being mounted on the car-axle, so as todispense with journalbearings therefor. Moreover, in all the figures thehollow armature-shaft is enough larger than the car-axle to allow auseful amount of play or transverse movement to the motor, so as to makeit ride more easily. It will further be perceived that in all thefigures the motor is mounted on a supporting-frame, so that a suitableframe being provided a standard motor may be mounted thereon withoutspecial regard to the car-axle or other like details. In all the figuresit will be further observed that the motor is spring-mounted and isinsulated from the wheel-base of the vehicle.

In all the figures except Fig. V the motor is mounted on asupporting-frame under the motor is mounted 011 a supporting-frameupheld by the ordinary journals of the car. This frame in the right halfof Fig. I and in Fig. VI is a frame under the car-body upheld by thejournal-boxes of the car independently of the main springs Z of the carand not through said springs, as in the case of a motor (see Fig. V)which is mounted on the ear-body, or as would be the case if the sidebars U in Figs. I and VI were secured to the pedestals. It will furtherbe perceived that in all the figures the field-magnets E are arrangedhorizontally above (or not materially below) the lowest part of thearmature or at the sides of the armature and project from yokes whichhave openings for the passage of the car-axle and which carry thejournal-bearings of the hollow shaft A. The field-magnets are arrangedto make a multipolar field of four poles, and the magnets of thelowermost pair of poles are equidistantfrom the lowest point of thearmature in front and rear of the same, respectively. Further, it maybe-observed that the motors are upheld at points on opposite sides oftheir respective car-axles. The motors shown have cross-connectedarmatnres and multipolar field-magnets, such motors being speciallyadapted to use with an axial mounting and direct connection, as shown.Two pole-motors might, however, be used.

It is evident that instead of having the armature rotate this might beheld fromrotation, as described for the field-magnets, and the latter beallowed to turn with the caraxle, as described for the armature, and itwill be understood that this reverse arrangement is included in theinvention as a substitute for that particularly described withoutfurther specification herein.

Although a number of forms of motormountings have been described, it isnot to be understood that these exhaust the modifications of which theinvention is capable, but they are given by way of fuller illustrationor more complete example than a single form would furnish.

I-Iavin g fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with a car, of a propelling-motor having an armaturesurrounding the driving-axle directly connected there- ,with by rigidarms and mounted in journalbearings formed in the yokes of thefieldmagnets, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a car, of a propelling-motor comprising anarmature provided with a hollow shaft surrounding a caraXle directlyconnected therewith by rigid arms and mounted on j ournal-bearingsformed in the yokes of the field-magnets, said shaft being of sufficientdiameter to allow move ments trztnsversely to the car-axle,substantially as described.

The combination, with a car, of a pro pelling-mot'or mounted on asupportin g-frame under the car-body, and comprisinganarmaturesurrounding a ear-axle connected therewith by rigid arms and mountedonjournalbearings formed in the yokes of the fieldmagnets, substantiallyas described.

4. The combination, with a car, of a propelling-motor mounted on asupporting-frame upheld by the ordinary journals of the car, andcomprising an armature surrounding a car-axle directly connectedtherewith by rigid arms and mounted on journal-bearin gs formed in theyokes of the field-magnets, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with acar and an electric propellingmotor having anarmature mounted in journal-bearings, said armature being arrangedconcentric with reference to a driving-axle and directly connectedtherewith, of a supporting-frame for the motor upheld independently ofthe body of the car, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a car, of a propolling-motor mounted on asupporting-frame upheld by the journal-boxes of the car independently ofthe main springs and comprising an axially-placed and directly-connectedarmature mounted on journal-bearings, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a car, of apropelling-motor mounted on springsor buffers independently of the main springs of the car and having anaxially-placed and directlyconnectcd armature mounted onjournal-bearings, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with a car, of a propelling-motor mounted on asupporti ngframe, with springs or buffers interposed, and comprising anaxially-placed and directly-connected armature mounted on journal bearings, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with a car, of a propelling-motor mounted,withsprings orbutfers interposed, upon a supporting-frame upheldindependently of the main springs of the car, so as to not partake ofthe motions of the ear-body on said main springs, and comprising anaxially-placed and directly-connected armature mounted onjournal-bearings, substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a car, of an in- )ortin -frame, and com )risinan axiall placed and directly connected armature mounted onjournal-bearings, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with a car, of an insulated propelling-motormounted on a supporting-frame upheld independently of the main springsof the car, and comprising an axially-placed and directly-connectedarmature mounted on journal-bearings, substantially as described.

13. The combination,withacar,of aspringmounted and insulatedpropelling-motorhaving an axially-placed and directly-connected armaturemounted on journal-bearings, substantially as described.

1-1. The combination, with a car, of a propelling-motorhavinghorizontalfield-magnets and an armature surrounding a ear-axle directly connectedtherewith by rigid arms and mounted on journal-bearings formed in theyokes of the field-magnets, substantially as described.

15. The combination, with a car, of a propelling-motor comprising anaxially-placed and directly-connected armature mounted onjournal-bearings, and field-magnets upheld at points on opposite sidesof the car-axle by means of springs or buffers independently of the mainsprings of: the ear, substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a car, of apropelling-motorcomprisingadirectly-connected armature provided with ahollow shaft surrounding the ear-axle and mounted on jourhat-bearings,said shaft being of sufficient diameter to allow movements transverselyof the car-axle, and field-magnets supported at points on opposite sidesof the car-axle'throu gh springs or butters independently of the mainsprings of the car,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

S. U. SHORT. Witnesses:

JOHN G. DOLPH, A. B. CALHOUN.

